A Bi-Directional Electronically Tunable CMOS Phase Shifter Using the High-Pass Topology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents an integrated phase shifter based on the high-pass L-C topology. The circuit utilizes both varactors and active inductors to extend the tuning range and achieve a low return loss. The high-pass topology results in a compact IC implementation, and allows phase compensation in series-fed antenna arrays utilizing this phase shifter. Furthermore, this approach allows integrating multiple stages on the same IC, without a significant size increase. A negative resistance is generated by the active inductor circuit, and is used to partially compensate the varactor losses. A test chip is fabricated in a standard 0.13 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μ</i> m CMOS process, and a phase tuning range of 96° is achieved at 4GHz, with a return loss better than -18dB across the entire tuning range. The phase shifter achieves a -2.2dBm input compression point and a 7.4dBm IIP3 while operating from a 1.5V supply.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".