A Bi-Directional Electronically Tunable CMOS Phase Shifter Using the High-Pass Topology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents an integrated phase shifter based on the high-pass L-C topology. The circuit utilizes both varactors and active inductors to extend the tuning range and achieve a low return loss. The high-pass topology results in a compact IC implementation, and allows phase compensation in series-fed antenna arrays utilizing this phase shifter. Furthermore, this approach allows integrating multiple stages on the same IC, without a significant size increase. A negative resistance is generated by the active inductor circuit, and is used to partially compensate the varactor losses. A test chip is fabricated in a standard 0.13μm CMOS process, and a phase tuning range of 96° is achieved at 4GHz, with a return loss better than -18dB across the entire tuning range. The phase shifter achieves a -2.2dBm input compression point and a 7.4dBm IIP3 while operating from a 1.5V supply.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".