Parasitics-aware layout design of a low-power fully integrated complementary metal-oxide semiconductor power amplifier
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is a need for efficient fully integrated complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) power amplifiers (PAs) for very low power implanted biomedical transceiver systems. However, the parasitics of on-silicon interconnections can cause significant degradation in the performance of radio frequency integrated circuits, in general, and PAs, in particular. In this article, we propose a special layout design approach, which was used to design the layout of a CMOS PA. This approach relies on modeling the interconnection wires in the simulations and optimizing their widths for minimum parasitic effects and hence optimum measured circuit performance. The PA circuit is operating at 2.45GHz and is implemented in a standard 0.18μm CMOS process. Measurement results show that at a supply voltage of 1.4V, the PA delivers an output power of 4.5mW with 28.5% power-added efficiency and a power gain of 21.5dB. Owing to the careful layout design and interconnection optimization, the implemented PA circuit shows good efficiency and demonstrates a good match between the measured and simulated performance characteristics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".