The Impact of a Pharmacist-Conducted Interactive Anti-Smoking Education Program on the Attitudes and Knowledge of High School Students
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Smoking among adolescents remains a major concern because of its long term health hazards. An effective adolescent-specific anti-smoking education is needed. Objectives: To measure the impact of a school-based tobacco prevention program provided by pharmacists on the attitudes and knowledge of senior high students. Methods: An anti-smoking program specifically aimed at high school students was developed by pharmacists and introduced to 354 students inTaiwan. It consisted of a role play and a lecture. The students were asked to complete a structural questionnaire right before and after the intervention. Results: After the intervention, the average of the total attitude scores increased from 41.7 to 43.2 (p = 0.001), and the total knowledge scores increased from 6.4 to 8.2 (p 0.001). The average practice score was 31.2 (maximum score = 50) and the result suggested that the practice score was associated with attitude rather than knowledge. Conclusion: This pharmacist-conducted anti-smoking program for high school students resulted in positive changes regarding both attitude and knowledge. This suggests that further anti-smoking programs targeting students would be effective in helping to prevent youth smoking.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it