Direct Observation of the Kinetics of an Atmospherically Important Reaction at the Air−Aqueous Interface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Many atmospherically important chemical processes are believed to occur at the interface between the air and aqueous phases. We report the first direct measurement of the kinetics of a reaction between a gas-phase species (ozone) and a compound (anthracene) adsorbed at the air−water interface. The reaction was studied at the “clean” air−water interface and also at an interface consisting of approximately one monolayer of 1-octanol. In both instances, the reaction was seen to follow a Langmuir−Hinshelwood mechanism, in which ozone first adsorbs to the surface and then reacts with adsorbed anthracene. Using typical atmospheric ozone concentrations, a reactive uptake coefficient of approximately 6 × 10 -8 at the air−water interface may be estimated; this value increases by about a factor of 5 when the water surface is coated by a monolayer of 1-octanol.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".