Aerosol Optical Properties Observed at a Semi-Arid Rural Site in Northeastern China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Continuous in situ measurements of aerosol optical properties have been conducted since March 2010 at a semi-arid rural site in Northeastern China - Tongyu (44.56°N, 122.92°N, elevation 151 m), a reference site of Coordinate Water and Energy cycle Observation Project (CEOP). Aerosol optical properties derived from the measurements during two spring seasons in 2010 and 2011 are analyzed and presented here. Mean values (and standard deviation) of light absorption coefficient (αab) and scattering coefficient (αsc) at 520 nm were 7.61 Mm–1 (6.17 Mm–1) and 89.22 Mm–1 (88.37 Mm–1), respectively, in spring of 2010, and were 7.01 Mm–1 (5.60 Mm–1) and 85.34 Mm–1 (116.11 Mm–1), respectively, in spring 2011. These values are lower than the majority of measurements made in other areas of China. The mean single scattering albedo (ω) was 0.90, greater than values found in some developed areas in China, indicating more scattering or less absorbing aerosols at Tongyu site. Mean values (and standard deviation) of the Ångström exponent of absorption (αab) were 1.61 (0.27) and 1.64 (0.28) for spring of 2010 and 2011, respectively, and of the scattering (αsc) were 1.48 (0.50) and 1.10 (0.50), respectively. The values of αab were higher than those of pure BC, implying the presence of other light absorbing materials having larger αab values. The moderate values of αsc indicated that considerable amount of coarse particles presented at Tongyu site. Distinct diurnal variations of aerosol optical properties were observed. ω, αab and αsc had nearly opposite diurnal variations compared to those of αab and αsc. Dust aerosols from the northwest and anthropogenic aerosols from the south were major sources contributing to the episodic aerosol events and thus, unusual aerosol optical properties, in spring at Tongyu site. High levels of PM2.5, if mainly caused by dust particles, do not necessarily introduce high values of αab and αsc.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".