Activity of the unique β-adrenergic Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup>exchanger in trout erythrocytes is controlled by a novel β<sub>3</sub>-AR subtype
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
beta-Adrenoceptors (beta-ARs) are seven-transmembrane domain, G protein-coupled receptors that transduce the cellular effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine and play a pivotal role in the vertebrate stress response. This study reports the cloning and characterization of two previously unreported beta-ARs from the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences indicates that both beta-ARs are homologs of the mammalian beta3-AR. Analysis of tissue expression patterns indicates that one of these trout beta3-adrenoceptors (beta3a-AR) is highly expressed in gill and heart, whereas the second (beta3b-AR) is highly expressed by red blood cells (RBC). Expression of the beta3b-AR in the RBC coupled with the finding of a single category of beta-AR binding sites on RBC membranes provides strong evidence for the control of the trout RBC beta-AR Na+/H+ exchanger (beta-NHE) activity by signaling through this beta3b-subtype and not through a beta1-subtype as previously proposed. The RBC-specific trout beta3b-AR exhibits binding characteristics that distinguish this receptor from each of the three pharmacologically defined categories of mammalian beta-ARs (beta1-, beta2-, and beta3-AR). This study is the first to report the presence of a beta3-AR subtype in a fish species, and the proposal that the beta3b-AR controls RBC beta-NHE activity represents a novel role for the beta3-AR subtype in vertebrates.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it