Height Control in Laser Cladding Using Adaptive Sliding Mode Technique: Theory and Experiment
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A closed-loop control of the laser cladding process is desired due to difficulties encountered in depositing a layer with acceptable quality from both geometrical and metallurgical point of views. One of the main parameters to achieve the desired geometry in laser cladding process is the height of the deposited layers. In this paper, a real-time measurement and control of the clad height is presented. Due to complex nature of the process and presence of uncertainties, a robust and adaptive sliding mode control is proposed and implemented to control the clad height. The velocity of the substrate is used as a control input while the molten pool height, which is obtained using a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and an image processing algorithm is used as a feedback signal. Stability of the controller is proven in the presence of time-varying uncertainties and the performance of the closed-loop system is validated by simulation and experiments. The experimental results are promising and show that the geometrical accuracy of the deposited layers can be improved significantly.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it