Validating a Self-Report Screen for ADHD in Early Adulthood Using Childhood Parent and Teacher Ratings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This article evaluates the diagnostic utility of a self-report screening tool for adults based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) ADHD criteria. METHOD: Children with speech/language (S/L) impairment and typically developing controls had ADHD symptoms rated by parents and teachers at ages 5 and 12. At age 19, participants completed the Adult Attention Problems Scale (AAPS), an 18-item screen. Receiver operative characteristic curve analyses were used to assess the efficiency of this instrument in screening for ADHD. RESULTS: The AAPS had moderate sensitivity and high specificity, but only for adults without a history of communication disorders. CONCLUSION: The AAPS provides clinicians with the only self-report scales for ADHD in adulthood, validated with childhood ADHD symptoms assessed by multiple raters. However, scale characteristics were poor for the S/L-impaired cohort. Given the overlap between language impairment and ADHD, adult ADHD measures validated in S/L-impaired samples are needed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".