Characteristics of Chronic Pain and Its Impact on Quality of Life of Patients With HTLV-1-associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: we describe the prevalence of chronic pain and their characteristics in 43 consecutive patients presenting with human T-lymphotropic virus Type I (HTLV-1) associated myelopathy (HAM) /tropical spastic paraparesis in Salvador, Brazil. METHODS: in this cross-sectional study, we included 43 consecutive patients with HAM/TSP from Sarah Salvador Unit of the Rehabilitation, in Bahia, Brazil. They were evaluated from September 2007 to July 2008. We used the following scales: Functional disability scales (EDSS, OSAME e HOFFER); visual analogue scale; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; McGill Pain Questionnaire; DN4 Questionnaire and SF-36 Quality-of-Life Questionnaire. RESULTS: chronic pain was highly prevalent (38 patients---88.4%) in this population. We detected an inverse correlation between duration of the disease and the likelihood of patients to present with chronic pain (P<0.05). Individuals with greater neurologic deficits had much more neuropathic, whereas those with lower motor deficit had mainly the characteristics of nociceptive pain (P<0.05). A positive correlation was observed between the score of the dominant pain or the additional pain, and the number of pain descriptors (P<0.05 for both evaluations). The patients with chronic pain had worst Quality-of-Life scores (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: chronic pain was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of signs/symptoms of anxiety and depression, reflecting a negative impact of pain on patients´ quality of life.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".