Intermediate-Velocity Gas in the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present observations of intermediate-velocity clouds (IVCs) found at positive velocities in the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey Phase I region (74° < l < 148°, -3 5 < b < +5 6). A catalog of 138 distinct IVCs and 13 IVC complexes has been compiled. From the global characteristics of our sample we demonstrate that the majority of these IVCs are directly associated with energetic phenomena, such as supernova explosions and massive star-forming regions, within the disk of the Galaxy and thus form a different population than the high-velocity clouds and high-latitude IVCs. We report what we believe to be the first detection of H I 21 cm absorption of a background source by an IVC and attempt to determine its physical properties and distance. We discuss in some detail a few of the IVCs that illustrate the connection between the clouds and energetic phenomena in the Galaxy. We suggest that the velocity shift of these IVCs away from the bulk of the Galactic H I emission provides an opportunity to study the structure of the low-latitude H I emission in a relatively confusion-free environment and present two examples of large (degree-scale) complexes of H I emission particularly suitable for such studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".