The Development and First Clinical Use of Semipermeable Microcapsules (Artificial Cells) as a Compact Artificial Kidney
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Guest Editor's Introduction: Activated charcoal has a microporous structure and a large surface area that nonspecifically adsorbs the substances in the molecular weight range of 100–5,000, including hepatoxins, uremic toxins and drugs. The success of the first clinical trial for the treatment of chronic renal failure with an activated charcoal column was carried out by Yatidis in 1964, but the clinical application for the charcoal column has not been possible. This is because the charcoal presented major problems such as the release of microparticles and platelet activation. Chang solved these problems by developing the activated charcoal which was microcapsulated by biocompatible materials. Since then, many kinds of activated charcoal columns have been commercialized for blood purification use and are still widely utilized. This paper which describes the first clinical use of microcapsulated charcoal was printed in Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs, vol 16, page 141–148 (1970) and is reprinted here with permission.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it