The Hudson Bay Lithospheric Experiment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Geologists can usually interpret the rocks they encounter on Earth in the light of tectonic and volcanic processes presently operating at the plate boundaries. This approach works well for relatively young rocks (Phanerozoic: younger than 550 million years old), but for the older rocks that formed during Precambrian times (more than 550 million years old), the “plate tectonic” assumption must ultimately break down. Processes operating on the younger, hotter Earth would have been quite different to those we see today. Gathering detailed evidence preserved deep within the plates in the ancient cores of the continents (“shields”), is thus essential to our understanding of the early Earth. This can be achieved using data from dense seismograph networks, but building and maintaining them in remote areas is both logistically and financially challenging; innovative station and equipment designs are required to deliver the success enjoyed in gentler climes. The Hudson Bay Lithospheric Experiment (HuBLE), a recent UK-Canadian venture in Arctic Canada, has addressed these issues in order to place fundamental constraints on Earth structure beneath the Canadian Shield. The resulting data provide a tantalizing hint as to the processes that operated on the youthful Earth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".