P3‐009: Butyrylcholinesterase, Aβ and thioflavin‐S plaques in the transgenic APPSWE/PSEN1dE9 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that causes cognitive and behavioral impairment. It is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Histochemical analyses of AD brain tissue have shown BuChE to be present in ß-amyloid (Aß) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). In addition, it has been found that when BuChE is associated with plaques that they are in a more malignant, ß-pleated, thioflavin-S positive form. It is not clear whether the BuChE associated with Aß plaques is causative of AD, interferes with disease progression or is an epiphenomenon. An animal model that develops similar BuChE-associated Aß plaques, could help elucidate the role of BuChE in this pathology. The B6.Cg-Tg (APPSWE/PSEN1dE9) 85Dbo/j transgenic mouse was used to determine if BuChE associates with Aß plaques in a mouse model of AD. Four mice, aged 15.5 months, were used in this study. Brain tissue was stained using Aß immunohistochemistry, thioflavin-S and BuChE histochemistry. Plaque loads were quantified using NIH ImageJ software and recorded as a percentage of the total area. We found that this animal model develops Aß and thioflavin-S plaques with BuChE activity (Figure 1). The pathology seen, in terms of morphology, distribution and abundance of Aß, thioflavin-S and BuChE plaques, closely resembled many aspects seen in AD. There was a high correlation in the distribution and abundance of Aß, thioflavin-S and BuChE plaques. Furthermore, based on the percent of area covered by pathology, BuChE staining was less than Aß staining but more than thioflavin-S staining. Ab, thioflavin-S and BuChE plaques were found in cortical and hippocampal areas as well as in olfactory structures, amygdala and the cerebellum. There were few scattered plaques in the thalamus, striatum and certain fibre tracts as well. β-amyloid immunohistochemistry, thioflavin-S staining and butyrylcholinesterase histochemistry in a 15.5 month old B6. Cg-Tg (APPSWE/PSEN1dE9) 85Dbo/j mouse. scale bar = 1mm. Based on the work with this APP/PS1 Cg-Tg mouse model, BuChE association with Aß plaques may represent an intermediate stage in the development of malignant, ß-pleated, thioflavin-S positive plaques. Further study with this animal model may help elucidate the role of BuChE in AD pathology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".