Infrared-Laser Induced Periodic Structures in Azobenzene Polymer Films
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Azobenzene containing polymers are spin coated onto glass slides to form 200 to 400 nm thick films. The films are then poled by corona discharge to orient the azobenzene molecules in a direction perpendicular to the surface. A single infrared Nd-YAG laser beam at 1064 nm is incident on the film along the normal to the surface. This beam is within the transmission window of the film and is thus not highly absorbed. We have found that second harmonic SHG (at 532 nm) and third harmonic THG (at 354.7 nm) beams are generated and are emitted in the form of arcs behind the sample. These arcs are consistent with emission from periodic structures with a 700 nm spacing. If the sample is not poled then only the arc from the third harmonic is generated. We have also found that if the laser power is increased above a specific threshold then permanent surface ripples are formed on the polymer surface even though the laser power is well below the ablation threshold. We will also look at the effects of including optically written surface relief gratings to enhance the coupling of the IR light to the azopolymer film to lower power required to observe non-linear response.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".