Impact compression behaviors of high-capacity long piles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Hiley formula underestimates driving resistance of long piles. Methods using affected pile length have been suggested, but have been found to be inapplicable for high-capacity piles. The impact compression behaviors of about 4700 high-capacity H-piles that were 14–80 m long at final set were studied. Measured data revealed that maximum impact forces are very scattered, but their means are independent of the hammer type, ram weight, ram drop, impact velocity, and pile length. Maximum impact compression of pile and affected pile length exist in both long and short piles. The affected pile length in turn is significant to the blow efficiency, hammer constant, and energy transfer ratio. This length is governed by the impact momentum and impact energy, and can be estimated by an energy-based equation. If the affected pile length determined by this equation is substituted into the Hiley formula to back-analyze the driving resistance, predictability of the driving formula can be improved by about 8%. This improvement is significant enough to reduce the number of hammer blows required at very hard driving conditions and reduce pile damage. Furthermore, this proposed equation is simple to use in the field and is more economical compared with stress-wave monitoring techniques.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".