Isolated Cleft in the Posterior Mitral Valve Leaflet: A Congenital Form of Mitral Regurgitation
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Isolated congenital cleft of the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve is a rare cause of mitral regurgitation (MR). This study describes the clinical, echocardiographic, and intraoperative findings as well as treatment options. METHODS: Adults with an isolated cleft of the posterior mitral valve leaflet diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography were evaluated with respect to clinical, echocardiographic, preoperative and intraoperative findings, and different surgical strategies. RESULTS: The prevalence of isolated cleft of the posterior mitral valve leaflet in all patients examined was 0.11% (n = 22 out of 19 320 evaluated echocardiograms); male gender was predominant (73%). Dyspnea on exertion was present in almost all patients with at least moderate regurgitation. The predominant localization of the cleft was within segment P2 (59%), followed by a cleft between P1/P2 (18%). An isolated cleft in segment P3 or segment P1 occurred twice in each segment (n = 2; 9%) and between P2/P3 once (n = 1; 5%). Regurgitation was severe in 50% (n = 11), moderate in 9% (n = 2), mild in 27% (n = 6), and only trivial in 14% (n = 3) of the patients. Surgical treatment involved reconstruction with ring annuloplasty in 45% (n = 10) and replacement in 4.5% (n = 1). A total of 11 patients (50%) with mostly mild or trivial mitral regurgitation were treated medically only. CONCLUSION: Two-dimensional high-resolution cross-sectional echocardiography allows the distinct diagnosis of a clefted posterior leaflet, whereas clinical presentation, electrocardiogram, chest x-ray, and angiography are failing to identify the correct etiology of MR in patients with isolated posterior leaflet cleft mitral valve (IPLCMV). Patients with moderate to severe MR were treated surgically with excellent outcome.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it