Effects of Habitual <i>T'ai Chi</i> Exercise on Adiponectin, Glucose Homeostasis, Lipid Profile, and Atherosclerotic Burden in Individuals with Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: A single bout of t'ai chi (TC) exercise was previously found to be associated with a significant increase in post-exercise adiponectin levels in individuals with cardiovascular risk factors. The objective of this study was to examine the long-term effects of 24-month habitual TC exercise on adiponectin levels, glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, and atherosclerotic burden in individuals with cardiovascular risk factors. DESIGN: This was a prospective observational study. SETTINGS/LOCATION: The study was conducted at a regional hospital in south Taiwan. SUBJECTS: Participants of a TC exercise program held by the clinics of cardiology and cardiovascular surgery for individuals with cardiovascular diseases were recruited to the TC group. Individuals who did not join the program were recruited as controls. All study subjects had at least one cardiovascular risk factor. INTERVENTIONS: Ninety-minute session of Yang's style TC at least once a week. OUTCOME MEASURES: Measurements on adiponectin, glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, and atherosclerotic burden were made at three time points-baseline, 12 months, and 24 months. Two-way repeated-measures general linear model was used to assess the changes over the study period between the TC and control groups. RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients in both the TC and control groups completed the study. The TC group showed a greater increase in natural logarithmic transformed (Ln) adiponectin values than the control group over the study period (interaction effect p=0.009). Glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, risk of atherosclerosis, and atherosclerotic burden did not showed significant changes with TC compared with the controls over the 24-month period. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study indicate that for individuals with at least one cardiovascular risk factor, engaging in habitual TC exercise could lead to favorable changes in levels of adiponectin. The association between habitual TC and cardiovascular events and diabetic complications will require further investigations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".