Effect of AT<sub>2</sub> blockade on cardiac hypertrophy as induced by high dietary salt in the proatrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) gene-disrupted mouse
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The role of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2) during alterations in cardiac size remains largely unclear. Through employment of an AT2 antagonist, the present study explored a possible involvement of the AT2 receptor during salt-induced cardiac hypertrophy in the proatrial natriuretic peptide gene-disrupted mouse (ANP-/-). ANP-/- mice received either saline solution or the AT2 antagonist, PD123319, and were then placed on a high salt diet (8.0% NaCl) for 3 weeks. Cardiac and pulmonary size, expression of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and the behaviour of various hypertrophy marker genes were assessed. PD123319 caused enhanced expression of the systemic RAS, yet the cardiac RAS was largely unaffected. Although AT2 blockade did not alter whole cardiac mass, right ventricle mass, as well as pulmonary mass-to-body mass ratios were significantly decreased. Collagen type I was decreased in the latter tissues, likely contributing to the regression in mass. Several players essential in the maintenance of myocardial extracellular matrix homeostasis including B-type natriuretic peptide, matrix metalloproteinase-2, tumour necrosis factor, and transforming growth factor were also significantly altered by PD123319. These data suggest that AT2 blockade is involved in significant changes in myocardial extracellular matrix components translating into decreases in tissue mass in the salt-sensitive ANP-/- animal.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".