Bibliographic record
Abstract
Prince et al described three patients with primary biliary cirrhosis who developed hepatotoxicity when given rifampicin to treat their cholestatic pruritus ( Gut 2002; 50 :436–9). They describe the use of rifampicin as “secondline” treatment of cholestatic pruritus. Firstline therapy is generally considered to be cholestyramine, a bile acid sequestrant. Use of this agent is frequently unsatisfactory because of gastrointestinal side effects, especially constipation. I am writing to summarise new evidence that retention of endogenous bile acids causes cholestatic pruritus, and to call attention to a recent abstract indicating that colesevalem, a new bile acid sequestrant, appears to be more potent than cholestyramine and does not induce constipation. The view that bile acid retention causes pruritus is a very old one. Varco1 in 1947 noted that biliary drainage reduced pruritus in patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction and that when bile was fed to patients, their pruritus returned. Huet and colleagues2 reported that biliary drainage improved cholestatic pruritus in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis. Administration of cholestyramine, an anion exchange resin with a strong affinity …
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".