Bibliographic record
Abstract
The flow-acoustic nature of sharp-edged T-junctions is investigated experimentally. Tests are performed for a Reynolds number range of 54,000 < ReD < 470,000. Four test cases are studied corresponding to: (a) T-junction with flow from the two branches; (b) T-junction with flow from one branch; (c) T-junction with flow into the two branches and (d) T-junction with flow into one branch. It is found that the separation bubble formed when the flow goes around the T-junction corner provides a source of turbulence excitation. For cases (c) and (d) the dimensionless pressure amplitudes of the acoustic modes reach a maximum at a Strouhal number which is in agreement with the broadband peak measured in the separation bubble. Cases (a) and (b) exhibit a different type of flow-acoustic coupling. In both cases, the maximum acoustic pressure is stronger than in Cases (c) and (d) and occurs at a Strouhal number which is different from that observed in the separation bubble. The results are compared to experimental and numerical studies from the literature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".