A Gigahertz Cyclic Injection DLL Clock Generator with an Infinite Acquisition Range
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the implementation of a cyclic injection DLL based clock generator with an infinite acquisition range and low timing jitter, low phase noise performance. A novel switching scheme with a resettable divider is designed to synchronize the operation of the other blocks in the circuit and to eliminate the need of a start-up or locking detection circuitry. The phase noise performance is improved by injecting the reference edge periodically. Programmable multiplication ratios from 13 to 20 are achieved with an output frequency range of 900 MHz to 2.9 GHz. The circuit is implemented in TSMC 0.18μm CMOS technology. The measured cycle-to-cycle timing jitter at 2.5GHz is 2.49 ps (rms) and 20 ps (pk-pk), and the phase noise is -119dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset for a carrier frequency of 2.756GHz.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".