Resurgence of bacterial wilt of common bean in North America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bacterial wilt, caused by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (CFF), was a serious disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in the United States in the early 1970s but was not reported for two decades after that time. Following this absence, the disease was reported again in the United States in North Dakota in 1995 and in Colorado, Nebraska, and Wyoming from 2004 to 2007. In addition to the three coloured variants (yellow, orange and purple) of CFF reported in the United States in 1970s, a new pink variant of the pathogen was discovered in Nebraska in 2008. In Canada, the disease was reported in central Canada (Ontario) in the 1950s. The yellow and orange variants were found in western Canada in 2002, and the purple variant was found in 2006. These recent reports indicate a resurgence of bacterial wilt of bean in North America. The discovery of new variants suggests that the pathogen may be evolving. This minireview examines the resurgence of bacterial wilt of bean in North America, as well as its world distribution, symptoms, host range, and recent research progress in identification and detection, epidemiology, impacts, and methods of control of this disease.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".