The mTOR Pathway in Hepatic Malignancies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a critical role in cellular metabolism, growth, and proliferation and has been evaluated as a target for therapy in various malignancies. The mTOR pathway is a major tumor-initiating pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma, with up-regulation seen in up to 50% of tumors. Metformin, which represses mTOR signaling by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, has been shown to decrease liver carcinogenesis in population studies. mTOR inhibitors such as everolimus have been evaluated as adjunctive chemotherapy with some success, although efficacy has been limited by the lack of complete mTOR pathway inhibition. The active site mTOR inhibitors hold greater promise, given that they offer complete mTOR suppression. There is also evidence of mTOR pathway activation in cholangiocarcinoma, although its biological significance in initiating and promoting tumor progression remains ambiguous. This review provides an overview of the complex biochemistry behind the mTOR pathway and its role in carcinogenesis, especially as it pertains to hepatic malignancies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".