Changes in seed characteristics during the domestication of the lablab bean (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet: Papilionoideae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Morphological, anatomical, physiological, and nutritional seed characteristics of the lablab bean (Lablab purpureus) were investigated in 46 germplasm accessions, from wild through semi-domesticated forms to landraces and current cultivars. This study aimed to improve the understanding of the domestication process in this tropical crop legume. Wild accessions were distinguished by typical small, brownish and mottled seeds. Cultivated and semi-domesticated forms showed much wider variation in size, colour and shape. Most wild accessions had a thicker seed testa as well as a greater spread of germination over time and larger proportions of hard seeds than most cultivated and semi-domesticated accessions, which germinated more uniformly. Generally, wild accessions showed higher tannin and nitrogen values. In most characteristics, semi-domesticated accessions were intermediate. Not all cultivated accessions combined all typical features of the ‘domestication syndrome’. This was particularly obvious in the dendrogram generated by cluster analysis from a relative domestication index calculated from seed mass and seed-coat texture for any pair of accessions. On the basis of seed characteristics of the germplasm studied, the crop is considered to have originated from Africa.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".