The impact of lower gut nitrogen supply on nitrogen balance and urea kinetics in growing pigs fed a valine-limiting diet1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An N-balance and isotope dilution study was performed to determine the effect of lower gut N supply on N retention and CO(NH(2))(2) kinetics in growing pigs. Nine cecally cannulated and jugular-catheterized barrows (initial BW 22.4 ± 1.2 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 cecal N infusion treatments: saline, casein, or CO(NH(2))(2); the latter 2 treatments were infused at a rate of 40% of daily N intake. All pigs were fed a Val-limiting corn (Zea mays) starch and soybean (Glycine max) meal-based diet. Cecal N infusions did not affect apparent total tract digestibility of N (P > 0.05). The efficiency of using N [% of apparent ileal digestible intake; 72.9 ± 1.9, 84.9 ± 1.9, and 85.6 ± 2.3% (P = 0.01) for saline, casein, and CO(NH(2))(2), respectively] and Val (76.9 ± 1.9, 86.5 ± 1.9, and 86.5 ± 2.4; P = 0.02) for whole body protein and Val retention increased for casein and CO(NH(2))(2). Urea flux and urinary N excretion increased (P < 0.05) similarly for both N infusions, but this increase did not fully account for lower gut N disappearance. Lower gut N disappearance is in the form of NPN, which can be used for microbial AA production in the upper gut and should be considered when determining N and AA supply and requirements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".