Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a method to perform a nonlinear analysis of pile groups subject to vertical loading. The method makes use of the dynamic stiffness matrices to simulate the response of layered soils. These matrices are incorporated in a calculation procedure that is computationally very efficient because the response of a pile group can be achieved using essentially the solution for a single pile. The method is first used to perform a linear elastic analysis of pile groups and is then extended to include the nonlinearity effects. In this context, the widely accepted approach is adopted in which nonlinearity is considered to be confined in a narrow zone close to each pile, whereas outside this zone the soil is assumed to behave as a linear elastic medium. Moreover, a global interaction factor is introduced to account for the interaction among the piles in the group. The theoretical predictions from the proposed method are compared with experimental measurements from several published full-scale and model tests on pile groups loaded up to failure. The agreement between predicted and observed behaviour is found to be very satisfactory, even approaching the ultimate load, when the results of loading tests on single piles are available and the group efficiency with respect to the failure load is close to unity.Key words: pile groups, settlement analysis, nonlinear behaviour, layered soils.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".