Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen-4 Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Ewing's Sarcoma
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The development of Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is a complex process, resulting from interplay between mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressors, host susceptibility factors, and cellular context. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) plays important roles in downregulating the T-cell activation. Polymorphisms in the CTLA-4 gene have been shown to be associated with different autoimmune diseases and cancers. The current study evaluated the association of two CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms, -318C/T (rs5742909) and +49G/A (rs231775) with ES in the Chinese population. CTLA-4 polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 223 ES cases and 302 age-matched healthy controls. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results showed that prevalence of the CTLA-4 gene +49AA genotype and +49A allele were significantly increased in ES patients compared to controls (odds ratio [OR]=2.03, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-3.66, p=0.018; and OR=1.33, 95%CI, 1.03-1.72, p=0.027). Also, subjects with CA (-318, +49) haplotype had a 1.37-fold increased risk to develop ES (p=0.032). In addition, ES patients with metastasis had higher numbers of +49AA genotype than those with localized cases (OR=2.66, 95%CI, 1.14-6.22, p=0.022). These results indicate that the CTLA-4+49G/A polymorphism is a new risk factor for ES and may affect the prognosis of this cancer.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it