Monitoring structural transformations in crystals. 11. Yang photocyclizations – one type of reaction, but diversity of structural changes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Structural changes proceeding in a crystal during the Yang photocyclization of the salt 6,6-diethyl-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-carboxylate with (1S)-1-(4-methylphenyl)ethylamine were monitored by means of X-ray structure analysis. The course of the photoreaction was evaluated on the basis of the geometrical parameters for the pure reactant crystal. Variations in the cell constants, the product content, the geometry of the reaction centre, the orientation of molecular fragments and the geometry of hydrogen bonds were described and analyzed. It was found that the cell volume increased until 56% product content and decreased thereafter. The distance between the directly reacting C atoms was constant, approximately 3.0 A, until approximately 75% reaction progress. Analysis of the distance between atoms that would participate in the formation of the second (unobserved) enantiomorph excluded the formation of such an isomer. Molecular fragments varied their orientation during the photoreaction, and the largest change was observed for the carboxylate group despite its participation in strong hydrogen bonds. The geometry of the hydrogen bonds changed during the photoreaction. The largest change was 0.17 A for the D...A distance and 13 degrees for the D-H...A angle. A comparison of the intra- and intermolecular parameters for the studied salt with data for other compounds undergoing the Yang photocyclization in crystals revealed a diversity of structural changes brought about by this type of photochemical reaction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".