Experimental Study of Bubble Dynamics on a Micro Heater Induced by Pulse Heating
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experimental investigation of the rapid formation and collapse of bubbles formed on a micro heater (25×80 μm2) is presented. Short electric pulses in the range of 1 μs to 4 μs are applied to the resistive heater, which is immersed in deionized water and generates a heat flux of more than 750 MW/m2. A stroboscopic technique with a time resolution of 30 ns and spatial resolution of 2 μm was used to capture the dynamics of the bubble growth and collapse. From the nucleation theory, the nucleation temperatures are close to the kinetic limit of superheat and weakly depends on the heating rate. The velocity, acceleration, and the pressure profiles after the vapor sheet formation are presented.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it