Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anaesthetist who was at the forefront of introducing intensive care units Sir Donald Campbell was a pioneer in many aspects of anaesthesia, particularly the introduction of intensive care units.After his resident posts he left for Canada for training.He worked in Edmonton and in Lethbridge, Alberta, and after three years, in 1956, he returned to Glasgow and began his long association with anaesthesia in the west of Scotland.He was appointed lecturer in the university department of anaesthetics at Glasgow Royal Infirmary in 1960, transferring the following year to the health service department as a consultant, a post that he held for the next 15 years.While in Canada he developed an interest in anaesthesia for heart surgery and he also noted the early development of intensive care units, which were associated with the concept of progressive patient care.With much lobbying and political skill he succeeded in persuading his surgical colleagues at the Royal Infirmary that this was the best way forward for their patients.The respira-tory intensive care unit was opened in 1966 and Professor Campbell was its first director.At the same time he pursued his research interests in several areas, mainly involving the development of more sophisticated ventilators, the pharmacology of new analgesic drugs, and the effects of smoke inhalation on the lungs.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.046 | 0.019 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".