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Conceptualizing attorney general conduct in Charter litigation: From independence to central agency

2008· article· en· W1987225883 on OpenAlexaffabout
Matthew Hennigar

Bibliographic record

VenueCanadian Public Administration · 2008
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicLegal Issues in South Africa
Canadian institutionsBrock University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsConstitutionalityPolitical scienceCharterLawSupreme court

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract: The conduct of attorneys general in litigation involving the Charter of Rights and Freedoms has been the subject of little theoretical contextualization by social scientists. Legal scholars, beginning with John Edwards, have dominated discussion of this issue to date, largely to advocate that attorneys general should act independently of their governments, because to do otherwise would, in their view, violate the Constitution. Without addressing the logic of that argument, this article offers an alternative conception of the role of attorneys general, derived from public administration theory: that attorney general litigation can be a central agency function, for both policy development (when governments “refer” draft legislation to the court for an assessment of its constitutionality) and for policy defence against judicial invalidation (after bureaucratic implementation, during regular litigation initiated by individuals and groups affected by the policy). The focus here is on Canada's attorney general, whose role in litigation has received the most scholarly attention to date. A series of cases involving same‐sex marriage in 2003 is used to illustrate this alternative conceptualization. Evidence suggests that attorney general Martin Cauchon advanced his government's initial strategy of defending the traditional definition of marriage, contrary to his own belief that it was discriminatory under the Charter. The subsequent reference to the Supreme Court of Canada exemplifies how reference cases can be used by the political centre to manage the agenda in terms of timing and issue‐framing. Sommaire : La conduite des procureurs généraux dans les procédures impliquant la Charte des droits et libertés a fait l'objet de peu de contextualisation théorique de la part des spécialistes en sciences sociales. Les juristes, à commencer par John Edwards, ont jusqu'à présent dominé les discussions sur cette question, principalement pour préconiser le fait que les procureurs généraux devraient agir de façon indépendante de leurs gouvernements, sinon, selon eux, cela porterait atteinte à la Constitution. Sans s'attarder sur la logique de cet argument, le présent article offre une conception différente du rôle des procureurs généraux, découlant de la théorie de l'administration publique : à savoir que les procureurs généraux à l'instance peuvent être une fonction d'un organisme central, à la fois pour l'élaboration de politiques (lorsque les gouvernements « renvoient » des avant‐projets de lois en Cour pour une évaluation de leur constitutionnalité) et pour la défense de politiques contre une annulation judiciaire (après une mise en œuvre bureaucratique, au cours de l'introduction d'une instance régulière par des particuliers et des groupes touchés par la politique). Le point central se pose sur le procureur général du Canada, dont le rôle dans les procédures a reçu jusqu'à présent le plus d'attention de la part des chercheurs. Une série de cas ayant trait aux mariages de conjoints de même sexe en 2003 a été utilisée pour illustrer cette conceptualisation alternative. Les éléments de preuve laissent entendre que le procureur général, Martin Cauchon, a promu la stratégie initiale de son gouvernement consistant à défendre la définition traditionnelle du mariage, allant à l'encontre de ses propres convictions que cela était discriminatoire en vertu de la Charte. Le renvoi subséquent à la Cour suprême du Canada illustre comment les affaires renvoyées à l'arbitrage peuvent être utilisées par le centre politique pour gérer l'ordre du jour en termes de calendrier et des questions en jeu.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.037
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.034
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.964
Threshold uncertainty score0.259

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0370.034
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0080.006
Science and technology studies0.0120.085
Scholarly communication0.0280.017
Open science0.0040.012
Research integrity0.0160.011
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.092
GPT teacher head0.330
Teacher spread0.239 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations5
Published2008
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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