World population growth, distribution and demographics and their implications on food production
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The world's human population of 6 billion is currently projected by the United Nations to reach about 8 billion by the year 2025 and continue growing until stabilising at about 10.8 billion in 2150. Most of this increase is destined to occur in underdeveloped countries. It is not only the magnitude of this population growth, but also its speed that will cause unprecedented strain on world food production. It will also affect living standards in most countries and likely widen the disparities that exist between the industrialised and underdeveloped nations. While world food production currently exceeds requirements, economic and political constraints on its distribution leave about 800 million people malnourished. Food production, processing and distribution in the industrialised countries rely heavily on energy provided by petroleum products. As global oil production is expected to begin declining within 5 yr, alternative energy strategies will be required. Human activities are also being linked to changes in global weather, and to the destruction of the soil and water resources necessary for sustainable food production. The scale and rapidity of these changes in turn will affect the productivity and stability of agriculture systems in the world's major food producing areas. As societies react to these pressures on food production, choices between economic and humanistic goals will become more prominent political issues. Key words: World population, demographics, food production
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".