Temporal changes in blood variables during final maturation and senescence in male sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka: reduced osmoregulatory ability can predict mortality
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study is the first to characterize temporal changes in blood chemistry of individuals from one population of male sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka during the final 6 weeks of sexual maturation and senescence in the freshwater stage of their spawning migration. Fish that died before the start of their historic mean spawning period (c. 5 November) were characterized by a 20-40% decrease in plasma osmolality, chloride and sodium, probably representing a complete loss of osmoregulatory ability. As fish became moribund, they were further characterized by elevated levels of plasma cortisol, lactate and potassium. Regressions between time to death and plasma chloride (8 October: P < 0·001; 15 October: P < 0·001) indicate that plasma chloride was a strong predictor of longevity in O. nerka. That major plasma ion levels started to decline 2-10 days (mean of 6 days) before fish became moribund, and before other stress, metabolic or reproductive hormone variables started to change, suggests that a dysfunctional osmoregulatory system may initiate rapid senescence and influence other physiological changes (i.e. elevated stress and collapsed reproductive hormones) which occur as O. nerka die on spawning grounds.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".