« L’apôtre infatigable de l’irrédentisme français » : la lutte de Napoléon-Antoine Belcourt en faveur de la langue française en Ontario durant les années 1910 et 1920
Bibliographic record
Abstract
En tant que chef de la résistance au Règlement XVII, qui proscrit l’usage du français dans les écoles bilingues de l’Ontario, Napoléon-Antoine Belcourt suscite l’admiration et la sympathie des nationalistes canadiens-français, qui le considèrent comme un héros de la nation canadienne-française. Pourtant, sa pensée à propos de la langue française en Ontario montre qu’elle est peut-être plus complexe que ce que laissent entendre les nationalistes canadiens-français. Cet article tente de montrer que même s’il cherche à protéger les Franco-Ontariens de l’assimilation, en défendant leur droit d’utiliser leur langue maternelle dans leurs écoles de même qu’au sein de l’Église catholique de l’Ontario au cours des années 1910 et 1920, Belcourt encourage aussi, durant cette période, la construction nationale du Canada, en prônant le maintien de la Confédération et de l’unité nationale.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.020 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".