Molecular characterization and regulation of formate dehydrogenase in<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In a previous publication we reported the purification of formate dehydrogenase (FDH, EC 1.2.1.2.) from Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heyn. and some of its properties. Here we report the identification of an Arabidopsis FDH cDNA, as well as studies of the molecular characterization and regulation of the enzyme in Arabidopsis. FDH is present as a single-copy gene in the Arabidopsis genome and is located on chromosome V. The deduced amino acid sequence of the Arabidopsis enzyme shows over 80% identity with those from other plants (potato, barley, rice). Northern and western blots show that the FDH mRNA and protein levels in Arabidopsis leaves are similar to those in flowers and stems and higher than those in roots. The effects of chemical and environmental factors on FDH expression in leaves were investigated and compared with their effects on formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FADH, EC 1.2.1.1.). Induction of FDH by one-carbon metabolites, such as methanol, formaldehyde, and formate, was observed at the protein level, but changes at the transcript level were small and different from those observed for FADH. While the steady-state levels of FDH transcripts increased quickly (within hours) and strongly in response to various stresses, protein amounts increased slowly, after 1 to 3 days; FADH transcripts showed no observable change. The possible mechanism of regulation of FDH at both the transcript and protein levels is discussed.Key words: Arabidopsis, formate dehydrogenase, formate metabolism, one-carbon metabolites, stress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".