Development and Initial Validation of the Perceived Heterosexism Scale and the Preoccupation with Disclosure of Parents’ Sexual Orientation Scale
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study we develop and validate scales that capture experiences unique to children raised by gay or lesbian parents. The Perceived Heterosexism Scale (PHS) measures children's perception of their peers’ heterosexist biases towards gay- or lesbian-headed families, and the Preoccupation with Disclosure of Parents’ Sexual Orientation Scale (PDPSOS) measures children's preoccupation with disclosure of parents’ sexual orientation in a peer setting. Sixty-four adolescents of lesbian mothers (29 boys, 35 girls) completed the scales. Findings show that the scales display a clear one-factor solution and good internal consistency. We confirm the scales’ construct validity by examining their association with adolescents’ well-being. Both of the scales’ construct validities are strongly confirmed for boys and partially for girls. Further work is needed to assess the experiences that children of gay or lesbian parents have relative to heterosexism, and to explore factors that likely account for differences between boys and girls.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".