Design of an Antagonistic Bistable Dielectric Elastomer Actuator Using the Bergstrom-Boyce Constitutive Viscoelastic Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dielectric Elastomer Actuators (DEA) has great potential for low cost, high performance robotic and mechatronic devices. However, the reliability of these actuators remains an important issue when used in continuous strain applications. To improve actuators reliability, DEAs can be used in a binary or bistable manner where actuators flip between two stable positions, thus maintaining one of two equilibrium states without any electrical energy input. This paper presents an antagonistic bistable DEA concept using a single, planar polymer film that can lead to compact high force multilayered actuators. The system is made bistable by the addition of carbon fiber leaf springs designed to maximize actuator strain output. The strong viscoelastic nature of the chosen polymer film significantly affects the system’s output force and is accounted for in the Bergstrom-Boyce material model. The model shows good agreement with experimental stress relaxation curves and is used to set the leaf springs’ force curve. Experimental results have shown that the acrylic polymer film’s (VHB 4905) strong viscoelastic nature limits the actuator speed at ∼ 0.9 mm/s; at higher speeds, the leaf springs cannot be matched with the proposed concept. The study also demonstrates that the proposed antagonistic actuator configuration is an interesting solution to provide reliable bistable actuation for compact structures and that developing polymer films with low viscoelasticity is key for optimal performance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".