Properties of atoms in crystals: Dielectric polarization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract It is shown that the polarization of a molecule or an extended system, permanent or induced can, like all measurable properties, be equated to a sum of atomic contributions. While it has been previously shown that a change in the polarization of a dielectric can be considered a consequence of a geometric quantum phase and obtainable from a Berry phase in a parameter space, such a possibility does not exclude a real space description, stated in terms of the charge distributions of the system's composite atoms or cells. The cells are defined as bounded regions of real space whose properties are described by the physics of a proper open system, a description that applies to any system regardless of the nature of the interactions between the atoms. This approach necessarily leads to the inclusion of a contribution to the polarization arising from the transfer of charge across the boundary of a cell, in addition to that from the cell's internal polarization, thereby correcting the textbook description of polarization that considers only the latter contribution. It is shown that a neutral repeating cell in a dielectric behaves as an atomic capacitor which mimics the macroscopic behavior, with the internal charge transfer leading to the creation of what Feynman terms the “surface polarization charge.” © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".