Precision 25 kV Pulse and RF Suppression in a 75 kHz Kicker
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An international collaboration plans to measure the lifetime (~2 mus) of the muon to a precision of 1 ppm. The "MuLan" experiment is in progress at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) in Switzerland. This experiment requires a fast beam line kicker, which can turn the beam on and off, to invoke an artificial time structure on the continuous beam which has a 50.6 MHz time microstructure. The kicker was designed and built at TRIUMF and installed at PSI in June 2003. Tests at PSI showed that RF from the kicker interfered with experimental detectors. Also it was realized that the specification for the flattop of the voltage pulse was not adequate for this precision experiment. Significant reduction in the RF and improvement in the pulse flattop were required. The kicker was returned to TRIUMF, and extensive changes were made, based on detailed measurements and PSpice simulations. After the changes the RF was reduced by a factor of more than 5000. The flattop variation, for a 22 mus pulse duration, was reduced from 0.18% to less than 0.001%: in addition the pulse overshoot was reduced from 10% to 2%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".