Band Gap Tunable, Donor−Acceptor−Donor Charge-Transfer Heteroquinoid-Based Chromophores: Near Infrared Photoluminescence and Electroluminescence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A series of D-π-A-π-D type of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent compounds based on benzobis(thiadiazole) and its selenium analogues were synthesized and fully characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The absorption, fluorescence, and electrochemical properties were also studied. Photoluminescence of these chromophores ranges from 900 to 1600 nm and their band gaps are between 1.19 and 0.56 eV. Replacing the sulfur by selenium can lead to a red shift for emission and reduce the band gaps further. Interestingly, compound 1 exhibits aggregation-induced emission enhancement effect in the solid state. All-organic light-emitting diodes based on M1 and M2 were made and exclusive NIR emissions above 1 μm with external quantum efficiency of 0.05% and maximum radiance of 60 mW Sr −1 m −2 were observed. The longest electroluminescence wavelength reaches 1115 nm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".