Early Operational Experience at a One-million Tonne CCS Demonstration Project, Decatur, Illinois, USA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
After four years of site-specific work, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) injection began at the Illinois Basin Decatur Project (IBDP) in Decatur, Illinois USA on 17 November 2011. The IBDP is a demonstration project in one of the Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (Phase III) funded by the US Department of Energy. Work at IBDP was preceded by two years of regional basin studies and identification of a CO 2 source located optimally with respect to a major saline reservoir, the Mount Simon Sandstone, believed capable of safely and effectively containing gigatonne-scale quantities of sequestered CO 2 in the Illinois Basin of Illinois, southwestern Indiana, and western Kentucky, USA. Early operational experience has been a function of reservoir properties and the infrastructure put in place to demonstrate carbon capture and storage (CCS). Development of the site included construction of a compression/dehydration facility and a 1.9 km pipeline, drilling of three wells, and development of a real-time data collection system to monitor operational parameters. As of 11 October 2012, 288,000 tonnes of dense-phase (supercritical) CO 2 have been injected, and injection continues at a rate of 1,000 tonnes per day.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".