To Cyclopropanate or Not To Cyclopropanate? A Look at the Effect of Cyclopropanation on the Performance of Biofuels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The cyclopropanated derivatives of three diesel-compatible biofuels—limonene, turpentine, and canola oil methyl ester—were prepared. Their heats of combustion were both calculated using theoretical methods and measured experimentally, and it was found that for all three compounds the specific energy (in kJ/g) was similar to that of the starting materials, while the energy density (in kJ/mL) was 3−4% higher, which is slightly lower than that for the predicted values. For canola oil methyl ester, the effect of cyclopropanation on the accelerated oxidation stability was also studied, and similar trends in viscosity were observed for both the starting material and the cyclopropanated product, while no degradation of the cyclopropane groups was observed and only residual alkene groups had shown any sign of reaction, hinting that the increase in the viscosity observed with unsaturated fatty esters upon oxidation may not be directly related to autoxidation of the fatty acid chains.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".