Modeling of Thermo-Magnetic Phenomena in Active Magnetic Regenerators
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The active magnetic regenerator (AMR) is at the heart of the thermo-magnetic Brayton cooling cycle. It consists of a porous matrix heat exchanger whose solid phase is a magnetocaloric material (solid refrigerant) that undergoes a reversible magnetic phase transition when subjected to a changing magnetic field. The cooling capacity of the cycle is proportional to the mass of solid refrigerant, operating frequency, volumetric displacement of the working fluid (generally an aqueous solution) and regenerator effectiveness. AMRs can be modeled via a porous media approach and a model has been developed to simulate the time-dependent fluid flow and heat transfer processes. Gadolinium (Gd) is usually adopted as a reference material for magnetic cooling at near room temperature and, in this study, its magnetic temperature change and physical properties were accounted for using a combination of experimental data and the Weiss-Debye-Sommerfeld theory. In this paper, the influence of the applied magnetic field waveform and of demagnetizing effects on the AMR performance is investigated numerically. An evaluation of the model is also carried out in the light of a comparison against experimental data for a regenerator containing spherical Gd particles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".