Bibliographic record
Abstract
Understanding the causes and molecular mechanisms of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the two forms of idiopathic chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is a major challenge in gastroenterology research.Significant eVort has been invested in uncovering genetic and environmental factors which may increase the risk of IBD, but progress has been slow, and no IBD specific factors have been detected so far.In this article we suggest that in addition to mutant genes and a hazardous environment, epigenetic factors may be relevant in understanding the aetiopathogenesis of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.This hypothesis is based on a number of clinical and molecular findings in IBD studies such as: (i) the maternal eVect in transmission of IBD from aVected parent to oVspring; (ii) parental diVerences in the degree of genetic anticipation; (iii) discordance of monozygotic twins aVected by IBD; (iv) genetic association studies demonstrating evidence for aberrant regulation of expression of cytokine genes; (v) sex eVects in association with HLA alleles and haplotypes; and (vi) epigenetic aspects of IBD treatment.It is suggested that inherited and/or acquired epigenetic defects, or epimutations, may be of aetiological and pathogenic importance in IBD.Epigenetic studies of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis may have a significant impact on the field of IBD research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".