Vole Damage to Woody Plants Reflects Cumulative Rather than Peak Herbivory Pressure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vole grazing may be a step-function, with a critical threshold density, at which voles expand their preferred diet to lower quality forage (threshold herbivory hypothesis). Accordingly, we predicted that the establishment of unpalatable woody plants would be more strongly associated with peak herbivore abundances than with cumulative herbivory at lower numbers. We also investigated whether damage level is better explained by actual vole numbers or by numbers adjusted to the carrying capacity of the herbaceous vegetation. Our results did not support the threshold-density hypothesis. Cumulative herbivory explained the probability of sapling damage better than peak herbivory; sapling survival and growth were equally well explained by mean- and peak-vole abundances. Even at low abundances, herbivory was extended to all woody species; the damage level, however, varied according to the palatability of the woody species. Actual herbivore numbers explained sapling damage better than did abundance adjusted to carrying capacity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".