The skull and tooth system of <i>Orlovichthys limnatis</i>, a Late Devonian dipnoan from Russia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The cranial anatomy of Orlovichthys limnatis, a Famennian, Late Devonian dipnoan from the Orel region of central Russia, is described on the basis of an almost completely preserved skull, a mandible, and numerous elements of the dentition. Orlovichthys is distinguished from other tooth-plated Devonian dipnoans by its relatively narrow skull and its predatory type of tooth-plate morphology on the pterygoid and prearticular. The marginal dentition of Orlovichthys, which extends transversely across the edge of the ossified ethmoid (upper lip) and along the anterior and lateral edges of the dentary, also appears to be organized as tooth plates. The distribution of marginal dentition among Devonian dipnoans and their probable organization as tooth plates prompts us to suggest that an important developmental constraint may have been associated with the dipnoan dentition throughout the long history of this group.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".