Bibliographic record
Abstract
Traumatic vertebral artery injury is frequently fatal from what may often be mild trauma to the head and neck. Detailed examination of vertebral arteries is not frequently undertaken at autopsy: the structural and histologic changes that may be relevant to the development of the injury are not well known. We sampled vertebral arteries bilaterally from 6 forensic autopsies (age = 26-50 years; 3 of 6 suffered from alcohol toxicity) with documented intradural vertebral artery injuries, and 4 nonvertebral-artery-injury-related autopsies (age = 19-70 years). Intradural, dural, and extradural components from each artery were submitted for paraffin-embedded tissue processing. Multiple serial sections and special stains (hematoxylin and eosin, alcian blue pH 2.5, reticulin, Congo red) were independently examined by 2 pathologists. All 6 of 6 injured samples and 4 of 4 control samples showed degenerative changes (intimal fibrosis, focal disruption of the internal elastic lamina, and medial calcification). However, microscopic adventitial hemorrhages were only observed around peripheral nerves adjacent to the injured samples. These may be due to tracking of blood along perineural loose connective tissue regions of reduced resistance, and may be a useful finding that points to underlying vertebral artery injury. Thus, careful dissection and gross and microscopic, examination of the vertebral arteries, with particular attention to the intracranial segments, is recommended in all cases of fatal traumatic head and neck injuries.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".