Network Coding Based Encryption System for Advanced Metering Infrastructure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In a smart grid system, the metering data collected by smart meters (SMs) and transferred via an Advanced Metering Infrastructure to the utility for billing purposes, and to the demand-response system to achieve cost effective resource allocation. The collected data at the SMs are sent to aggregators (AGRs), which in turn forward these data to a higher layer data collection system using secured communications. However, metering data are typically transferred between SMs and AGRs over wireless multi-hop communication networks. Due to the broadcast nature of wireless transmissions, the communications between a SM and AGR are susceptible to many security attacks. We argue that advanced network coding (NC) technology can be utilized to address this problem. We propose a novel system that supports data collection security at AGR by encrypting metering data transmitted between SMs and AGR using NC technology. Our innovative scheme eliminates the use of previously specified public key encryption system between SMs and AGR, which consequently makes our system very efficient. Analyses show that our proposed scheme enhances robustness and throughput of data routing in the wireless multi-hop network between SMs and AGR while maintaining a strong security.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".