Actor, Poet, Playwright, Sharer ... Rival? Shakespeare and Heywood, 1603-4
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Much attention has been paid over the years to the so-called Poetomachia of 1599-1602. However, this overt flyting has occluded our sense of any competition between the two older, more established, commercially successful actor-playwrights, Shakespeare and Heywood. Indeed, Heywood’s position as sharer in Worcester’s / Queen’s Men and his many years spent writing for the same group of actors has been virtually ignored, while Shakespeare is regularly feted as unique in his combination of roles. This paper opens by drawing attention to the parallels between the two dramatists and emphasising the recognition Heywood received in his own time. It then looks in detail at A Woman Killed with Kindness, Measure for Measure, and the circumstances of their composition, using these as a case study to argue that, in this instance at least, Shakespeare appears to have been both aware of and influenced by his contemporary’s work.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.023 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".