Near-Infrared Electrochromic and Chiroptical Switching Materials: Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Chiral Organogels Containing Stacked Naphthalene Diimide Chromophores
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chiroptical switching materials in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions have been realized using a low molecular weight gel as a chiral scaffold and electrochromic chromophores as a stimulus-responsive trigger and operate as a result of the change in the electronic states of the chromophores within the chiral gel. N, N ′-Bis(4-phenyl-2,3,4,6-tetra- O -acetyl-β- d -glucopyranoside)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide, synthesized by imidization of 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride with a sugar-bearing amine, can form stable chiral gels at room temperature. The redox-active gels exhibited reversible and drastic changes in circular dichroism in the visible and near-infrared spectral region between the three redox states (neutral, radical anion, dianion) of the naphthalene diimide chromophore. A large circular dichroism at 1310−1550 nm was induced when the stacked naphthalene diimide chromophores in the chiral gels were reduced to the radical anion state.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".